Concrete building.



K. R SCHUS'EE. CONCRETE SULDING. APPLICATmN 'mso FEB. s, i911.

Patented Feb. 27, im 3 SHEETS-SHEET K. R. SCHUSTER.

CONCRETE BUILDING,

APPLICATION FILED FEB. s. 1911.

mlm/15,

3 SHEETS-SHEET?.

@warms Patented Feb. 27, E917.

K. R. SCHUSTER. l CONCRETE BUILDING.I

I APPLlCATlON FILED FEB. 9. 1911. 121'7.,645 A 3 SHEETSr-SHEET 3-wlmffssfsf Ml @www l/WEN mi? w Q "gvz,

mmm Fei). 27, 1917( ,complete floor. saicl section being' f OFFICE.

KARL R. SCEUSTER, OFNEVJ YGRK, N. Y., SSLGNQ'R T0 FRANCIS M. BARTON, OF

' CHGAG, ILLINOIS.

CNCEETE BUILNG.

*1,217 ,15g-:5. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 2?, 191m,

Application filed February 9, 1911. Serial No. 607,620.

To all 'whom z'' vmay concer/n:

Be itknown that l'`r KARL R. cnns'rniij a citizen oi the United S'tates,and a resident of the city of New York, borough of Milnliattai'i,ooui1tyand Slate of New York, have invented new and useful lmproyements in.fonCl/rete Buildings, of which the following is/a full) rlear. and exactdescription.

This invention relates to certain improve ments in concreto building,and more par ticillarly lo the reinforcement of the/ooncree slaloflooring', whereby the strains and stresses occurring' within,- theflooring' adiacen to the columns or ohor supports will he better takencare of.

lin my improved -consirnccioin l provide a main reinforren'lenldisirilnited uniformly over the floor space irrespeoive of the presenceof columns or other supports for the Allo'or. anal over hese columns lprovide a, seiiarate or auxiliary reni-foirement; which has iis mainportion ilisposerl adjacent to the upper surface. of the floor, andpresents lownwardlY extending portions distributed arounrl the supportlio constitute shear meinhers. rlfhis, auxiliaryre'i'nforoemont'mayassume rarions flill'ererit forms, hul; il, preferAably eon'inriees a series oi rods properly posilionefl anfl having theouter ends o the rolls formino; 'flle shear members.

lelererme is lo he haci the accompanyin,Y drawings which form a Dart ofthis speoiliratiom and in ,vl'iiehjsimilar referenre Characters indicateoorresponiiing parte in th severe-il views.

Figure 1 is a plan View nl a portion olf a floor, showing thereinorfement in Dosi` tion.y really for the concrete5 and showing; oneform of ai'ixiliary reinforcement which l may employ overxa eolmnn;

Fig. 2 isa vertical section through the taken on a line corresponding tothe line 2 of Fig.

Fig. il is a plan View of another forni'o auxiliary reinforcement;

Fig. l is a vertical section somewhat simi lar to Fig. 2, but showing,the reinforcement of Fig. 3, vthe main reinforcement not beingillustrated i* Figs. 5 and (l are views similar to Figs.- 3 and L butshowing a further form of auxiliarv reinforcen'ient.

Figs. T and flare views similar to Figs-4 and Q, hill showing anotherarrangement of .rods to form the auxiliary reinforcement;

Figs. 9 and l0 are views similar to Figs. 3 and l, hutshowingI a furthermodilieil form;

Figs. ll and l2 are similar views of a :still further forni ofailxiliary reinforcement:

Figs. lfl and ll are Views similar lo Figs.

7 and 8. hut showing another arrangement of auxiliary reinforcement;anrl Figs. 15 and` lll are Dian vviews of oiher auriliary reinforcementswhich. may he emi'iloyecl. y

a main rein'foroenieim. l emploi7 wo sets of reinforcing rods or hars,the rolls or hars" of one sel; being' parallell 'to each other and ai;right angles to the rods or hars of the other set.

ln Fig, l, I have illustrated rods 2O lgoing; to -inalre un one set amiroiis 2l goingy to 11i-alie un the other ser. all of these rods beingrlisposeil substantially at a 415C angle to the Walls 2Q and or thehuihlinff. These Walls are preferably of Con'crele, and may have piers2li: formed integral therewith. The two of rods Q0 and 21 are disposedin uniform spar/ell relationshipover the floor ami subdivide the latterinlo a large nnniher or' rectangular spares. ihe rolls which pass overthe eohnrins are preferably leavier han the others.,

To reduce the weight oi ghe floor and to avoid the use of suoli a larizequanlity of concrete;y l mayv @lare in each ol' lhose sena-l rale sparesor eoinnartmenls a whole rile or bloc-,lc of lema-cotta. The specific,monstruo tion of these hollow tiles or hlorlis (lo not oinlroilv anyportion ofthe invention herein @lai-ined an l` therefore.y they have notbeen illustrated in detail. ln rire Upper left-hand portion of Fig. l,l', have illustrated liagrannnatically a few of ihee blocks or tilesy loshow theirrespeoire positions in respect to the reinforcenient. oi thecharacter illustrated in my prior :1piilioation lio. 554,982. filed.April l2, 1910.

lr is not at all essentialthat the rods 2O anil 2l extend at an acuteangle to the Walls of lhe huilding as is shown in Fig. l.. 'llheJ` twosets may he arranged parallel to the two rigrlitrangular walls. 4ildesired. ln Figs. 7 and l'l` l have illustrate@ tiro setsof rods il? andai rigrhr angles to each other, the

ermerliate be- Preerahlv -these blocks-or tiles are tween the walls, Iutilize concrete columns of any suitable form a'nd reinforced in anysuitable manner. In the accompanying drawings, I have illustratedconcrete` columns 29, without illustrating'any type of reinforcement.'It is, of course, understood that some kind would preferably beemployed.

My invention relates particularly to the reinforcement of the floor atthose places directly above the colnn'ms and in the immediate vicinityof the columns. This reinforcement, which is separate from the mainreinforcement of the floor, is what I designate an auxiliary orsecondary reinforcement, and, which in combination with thel columns andthe main reinforcement, constitutes the main feature of my inven.- tion.This auxiliary or secondary reinforcement may be constructed in numerousdifferent ways, but it is preferably forn'ied of rods either fastenedtogether or placed in position separately. These rods are preferably.deformed solls to form a better bond with the concrete, and each rodhas a portion disposed adjacent to and substantially parallel with theupper surface of the floor, and a portion extending toward the lowersurface of the floor to constitute a shear member.

I do not wish to be limited to any specific Arrangement of rods in thisauxiliary or v secondary `reinforcement, inasmuch as the sainegeneral'eifect may be securedin different ways. In Figs. 1 and 2, I haveillustratedan auxiliary reinforcement over the column 29 and formed oftwo sets of rods 2l() and 31. All of the rods 3() are parallel to eachother and parallel to the main rods 2'0,-a.nd all of the rods 31 arealso parallell to each other and are at right angles tothe rods 30, inother words, parallel to the rods l21,. This network of rods 30 and 31covers that portion of the floor directly above the c'olumn 29, and alsocovers a considerable area of the floor surrounding this portion overthe column. Each of" the rods 3() and lhas its center portion disposedclosely adjacent to the upper surface of the floor and itsfend portionsbent dow'niif'ardly and outwardly so as to terminateadjacent to thelower surface of the floor.; This downwardly extending portion liessubstantially parallel to the direction of 'shearing stresses, andconstitutes shear members.'

'In Figs. 3 and y4, I have illustrated a form of auxiliary reinforcementin which rods 32 are arranged radially rather than in -separate parallelsets, and in which each rod extends from the periphery of thereinsoic'ed area inward radially and termina esjust beyond the center ofthe auxiliary rein rcement. Each of these rods 32 has its outer entibent downwardly to form a shear me y r, and each rod adjacent to thecenter of e reinforcement extendsacross and is BEST AvAiLAeLE copsupported by a ring 33. At its inner end, each rod extends down throughthis ring so as to form a secure anchorage directly over the column. Ihave not illustrated'the main reinforcement in Fig. l. although it is,of course, understood that such a main reinforcement would be employed.

In the forms of auxiliary reinforcement illustrated in Figs. 1 to linclusive. the rods are not rigidly connected together before beingplaced in position, unless it be by means of suitable wires wrappedaround the contacting portions. Such wires have not been illustrated, asthevwonld tend to coufuse rather than elucidate'the iunior-tant' ffeatures.

In Figs. 5 and o, I have illustrated a form and through lthis loop allof the rods 35 ex) tend. After all of the rods have been as-1 sembledwithin the loop and with the loop at the center of each rod. suitablewedges 36 and 3o are driven into the loop to bind the rods in place andto subdivide them into two groups. The outer ends of the rods are thenbent laterally so as to distribute them in radial and spacedrclatioliship, as illustrated inl Fig. 5. These rods 35 have their endsbent downwardly to form shear members.

This reinforcement 'may be shipped in separate pieces and rfscmbled onthe job, or the rods may be rigidly secured -within the loop or ring 2Hand have their end porarrives at the job.

In Figs. T and 8, l have illustrated the type of reinforcement somewhatsimilarto that shown in Figs. 3 and 4, but in which the rods 3T are bentto form hooks 38 engaging with the ring 35S instead of merely passingthrough the ring to form an anehorage as in forms shown in Figs. 3 and4. These rods are arranged radially, and their hooked engagement withthe ring resists any tendency toward longitudinalmovement under thestress to which they arc subjected. 'l'he rods may have radialarrangement ./without the employment of any ring. In Figs. i? and 10, Ihave illustrated a form on ufhich there are t wo sets of rods 39 and 10,one set being suma-posed on the other at the center and the outerportions of the rods bijnt` laterally in respect to the superposedportions so'asmto give the proper radial distribution. A further form inwhich the tions spread apart after the reinforcement.

rolls may be arranged radially without ncto the rods 40, and, inaddition to this, there is a second set of rods l2, each of which has ahook portion engaging with and receiving' the parallel center portionsof the rods of Si the other set,

lThe hook portions of the yrods l2 serve to hold the rods of the otherset together, and also serve as anchors for their respective rods. il?In l?) `and lei, I have illustrated a form of auxiliary reinforcementsomewhat similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, except that instead ofemploying single-spaced rods, l bend cach rod to form an elongated loopwith parallel side portions l2 and' lil, which are substantially theequivalent of two adjacent rods of the form shown in Figs. l, and 2. Theloop has its ends bent downwardly to form two parallel shear members 29connected together at their lower ends, and

this connection may be utilized for the auxiliary reinforcement to themain or primary reinforcement of the floor. As show-n, the horizontalrods .28 of the main reinforcen'ient extend through one set of bends andthe rods 27 extend through the other set. Thus, the entirereinforcen'ient is woven or connected together to prevent displacementduring the y, admission of the concrete. im As previously stated, Figs.fland ll 'show diferent radial arrangements of the rods Without theem'iloyment of a connecting ring or loop. Fig. 15 shows a furtherarrangenient in which. a central pin Ll-lis employed` il around whichrods-'l5 forming one setare bent in one direction and rods 1G formingl asecond-set are bent in the opposite direction. lfliese two sets of rodsmay lie in superposed planes, and` although they are not exactly t@radial, they are approximately so far as the strain exerted is concerne(The central pin ist may,` if desired, be omitted, in which case the rodscould be looped together as shown in Fig. i6. in this' arrangement, therods are divided into two sets 47 and 48, and each rod is bent at thecenter to a greater or less degree by interlocking the center loops,each set of loops being anchored to the other set. lt is not thoughtnecessary to show side' il?. elevations or sections of the reinforcementif Vshown in Figs. l5 and 16, as it is understood that each of theserods preferably has its vouter end bent downwardly to form a shear'member'. u ffl The auxiliary or secondary reinforcement :is employed totake care of the negative bending moment in the floor slab, for. which.-,piirpose said reinforcement is positioned over or in verticalalinement with the post or column` and near the top surface of the i idoor slab, whereas the positive bending molgnient is taken care of `inthe Hoor slab by the ,"/inain reinforcement which is shown as the "weseries of crossing rods positioned in the "door slab near the undersidethereof. lm-

' inforcement of the floor slab and from the 80 .reinforcement of thecolumn when the latter reinforcement is employed, and. third, in apreferred form of the invention the auxiliary reinforcement is in theform of a metal mat composed (ff two seijes of rods the ends of whichare looped andl are extended dowiiwardly from the plane of the body ofthe mat, thel rods of one series crossing or intersecting with the rodsof the other series so as to produce the mat. e0

The employment of a mat separate from, and independent of, the floorslab reinforce-v 'ment andthe column reinforcement is an advantage forthe reason,

mainly, that the rods are bentand assembled to produce the mat at afactory or other manufacturingestablishment,at which place, the mat canbe, and'is, made .bythe employment of unskilled labor, whereas toassemble the rods at the time of installing the floor slab requires theuse of skilled and more expensive labor.

ln addition, the complete mat is more easily and rapidly installed, thussaving time and labor, when the workmen are engaged in installingthelicor sla' lt isy apparent that 105 with the matin a coiplete, ready tobe laid conditionpit can bev placed over the column,

and the rods of the main reinforcement are then interlaced with thedownwardly inclined loopedend portions of the rods composing the metconstituting the auxiliary reinforcement, after which the concreteniaterial is dumped or deposited and tamped into place, the several rodsbeing so disposed as to allow ample space for thoroughly tamping theconcrete.

Having thus described my invention what l claim as new and desirelay-Letters Patent, is:

1.. In a concrete building the combination 120 with a floor slab andsupporting column therefor of main reinforcing rods for the Hoor slaband an auxiliary reinforcement incorporated in the lioo'r and disposedover the column, said auxiliary reinforcement being formed of two setsof intersecting rods,

the end portions of these latter being inclined downwardly to cross orintersect the horizontal plane of the main reinforcing rods and saiddownwardly inclined portions of the auxiliary rods being bent back so asto form loops through which the main reinforcing rods extend.

2. ln a concrete building, the combination with a floor slab, asupporting column therefor, alid main reinforcing rods to take care ofthe positive bending uiomciit of said slab, of an auxiliaryreinforcement embedded in the floor slab ucar the top surface thereofand msitioncd in substantially the verti( al plane of said supportingcolumn for takin,"r care of the iii-gative 'bending moment of said floorslab, said 'auxiliary reinforcenient being separate from said mainreinforcing rods and being composed of rods the cud portions of whichare extended downwardly from the horizontal plane of the body of saidauxiliary reinforcement, said downwardly extended end portions of therods composing said auxiliary reinforcen'ient having loops which receivethe main rods and said downwardly extending end portions constitutingshearniembers for the oor slab supporting coliun El. ln a concretebuildingfilhe combination with a lloor slab` a supporting columntherefor, and main reinforcing rods to take care of the positive bendingmoment of said slab, of an auxiliary reinforcement embedded in thitloorslab near the top surface thereof and positioned substantially in thevertical plane of said supporting coliiiun for` taking caro of thenegative bending moment of said floor slab, said auxiliary reinforcementbeingr separate from said main reinforcing rods and comprising rods eachof which has a portion thereof disposed horizontally in the same planeas all the other rods and the end portions of which rods are inclineddownwardly from the horizontal plane of the body forming said horizontalportions of tbc rods composing said auxiliary reinforcement, saiddownwardly inclined portions of the auxiliary rods heilig locked withthe main reinforcing rods and constitutingr shear members for the Hoorslab capital of 'said supporting column.

4. In a concrete building, the combination with a floor slab` asupporting column therefor, and main reinforcing rods embedded in thefioor slab near the under surface thereof fo taking care of the positivebending nioment, of an auxiliary reinforcement embedded in the floorslab near the top surface thereof and positioned in vertical alinemcntwith the column and the capital thereof for taking care ofthe negativebending moment of said slab, said auxiliary reinforcement consisting ofrods separate and disconnected from the main reinforcing rods, Saidauxiliary rods cach having a certain part thereof horizontally disposedover the column and thc end portions of said auxiliary rods being4inclined downwardly from the horizontal plane of the body of saidauxiliary reinforcement formed by the horizontal portions of said rods,said downwardly inclined end portions of the auxiliary rods havinglocking engagement with said main reinforcing rods and constitutin shearmembers for the floor slab of tie supporting column.

ln a concrete building, the combination with a floor slab, a supportingcolumn therefor, lind main reinforcing rods embedded in said slab nearthe under surface thereof, of auxiliary reinforcing rods embeddedhorizontally in said slab near the upper surface thereof and positionedover the siipportin column, said auxiliary rods having their en portionsextended downwardly from the plane of the horizontal ortions thereof andsaid downwardly extended rods crossing the horizontal plane of lthe mainreinforcing rods so as to serve as shear members for the Hoor slab whereit joins with the column,- said downwardly extended ends of theauxiliary rods being looped and. said main rods extending through theloops of said extended ends of the auxiliary rods.

6. In a concrete building, the combination with a floor slab, asupporting column therefor, and main reinforcing rods embedded in saidslab near the under surface thereof, of an auxiliary reinforcementcomposed of two series ofcrossing rods constituting a mat separate from`the main reinforcing rods, said mat being embedded in the floor slabnear the upper surface thereof and posiltioned in vertical alinementwith said column, said rods composing the auxiliary reinforcing mathaving their respective'end portions inclined downwardly from thathorizontal plane of the body forming said mat and said downwardlyinclined ends of the rods heilig looped, the main reinforcing rodsextending through the loops of the auxiliary rods and the downwardlyinclined ends of the auxiliary rods constituting shear members for thefloor slab adjacent to the. column.

7. Building construction embodying supporting columns, a' floor slab,main reinforcing rods positioned in the lower part of the floor slab,andan auxiliary reinforcement positioned over the column and in theupper part of said slab, said auxiliary reinforcement embodyingsubstantially horizontal rods provided at their ends with loops exsaidmain rods engaging or interlacing with said loops.

8, A unitary metal mat or grille for rein forced floor slabs composed oftwo series of crossing rods the ende; of which rods are providcd withloops, said loops bein inclined relatively to the plane of the boi y ofsaid mat formed by said crossing rods said inclined loops of the mat orgrille being adaptedy for the reception of other rods which cotendeddownwardly to meet said main rods,A

l operate to reinforce a floor slab in the area between slab-supportingcolumns.

9.*A metal mat or grille for reinforced floor slabs comprising connectedhorizon- Itally positioned rods forming thebody of said mat or grille,the end portions of said `rods being formed'into loops and said loopsbeing inclined relatively to the plane of said' body, said inclinedloops ofthe niet orfgrille being adapted for the reception of other rodswhich cooperate to reinforce. a door 'slab in the area betweenslab-supporting,

'e'olumnsA y 10. Building construction embodying a flat slab supported'on columns extending in rows, mainrods incased in the Aslab at thelower part thereof, said main rods compris ing two seriesv with the rodsof one series 4crossing the rods of the other` series in the fareabetween the columns, and an auxiliary reinforcing mat positioned intheslab near the top surface thereof and` in vertical aline` ment withthe column, said auxiliary reinforcing mat being separate from the mainrods and comprising short rods havingltlieiiw end portions extendeddownwardly from the plane of th'e'mat and locking with the main rodsandserving .as shear members for said slab.

' 11. 'Buildingv construction embodying a hflat, slab supported oncolumns extending iny vtwo directions, main reinforcing rods incasedwithin the slab adjacent to the lower surface thereof, said main rodscomprising two series of rods arranged for the rods of one series tocross the rods of the ot'hei'series in the area between the columns, andauxiliary reinforcements positioned in the. slab adjacent to the uppersurface thereof and in the ivertical plane of said columns, eachlauxiliaryreinforcement comprising a unitary lstructure composed ofattached rods the endlk portions of which are extended down- 'wardlythrough the material of the slab, which extended end 'poitioiis yof saidattached rods are loc-fred willi-the main rods l and'perforinrthefunction of shear members for said slab. f

VL2. Building construction embodying a flat slab supported on columnsextending in two directions, main reiii'forcing'rods positioned withinthe slab adjacent to the under surface thereof, said'main rods being. intwo .series with the rods of one series crossing the rods of the otherseries in theA area be- BEST AVAILABLE COP tween thevcoluinns, andauxiliary ,metal reinforcements positioned within the slab near the topsurface thereof and in vertical alinement with thel respective columns,leach auxiliary reinforcement being composed of rods 'united in a unitarystructure separateV from the main rods and adapted to bepositioned as a,uni-t within the material of the l slab, said rods of the unitaryauxiliary re. infor-cement being provided with 'down-165 wardly inclinedend portions .extending i through the material of the slab and havinglocking engagement ywith/ the main 'rods and serving the functionof'shear members for said slab. ,f- .l A v13. A mat member for a columnhead rinforcenient'in a flat" slab floor construction,

the lower portion of the slab'.

11i. A niet for a'coluinn headreinforoement in a flat slab floorconstruction, com- 80 I pi'ising members, 4each of which is formed ofy aseries ofv rods arranged in substantially parallel relation and'insubstantially a common pla-ne and having their outer ends connectedtogether, the rods of one member crossingand overlyii'ig` tbe so faitthe other member, said members a zhei indsrbeing extended downwardly totne lower portion ofthe slab. A

15. A reinforced concrete structure comprisiiig columns, a fiat slabfloor, and mats formed of belts ofrods disposed substan* tially parallelto and'near the top of the slab and extending longitudinally `andtransversely and resisting the bending moment over the columns, andvextending'outwardly -froni the column beyond the point ofcounter-tlexui'e, and belts of rods close and parallel to the bottom ofthe slab and ex tending` between the columns and resisting 100 thepositive bending moment, said mats .having loopsin which the bottom rodsare laid.

ln testimony whereof l have signed my name to this speciication in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

KARL R. SCHUSTER.

Nitnessesz A C. W. FiiiizBANii, W. C. CAMrsiiLL.

